This report describes some of the key frameworks used to conceptualise chronic/long term conditions care in the UK and abroad and summarises evidence about the effects of these frameworks.

This rapid review found that the Chronic Care Model and the related Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Model are the most common frameworks for conceptualising effective components of care for people with long-term conditions. It found that the Kaiser pyramid of care appears to be used throughout the developed world to conceptualise service delivery. It also found that there is evidence that improvement programmes which aim to implement the Chronic Care Model can have a sustainable impact on quality of care and some clinical and resource outcomes, although the relative merits of each component of the model, and the extent to which these are implemented effectively by healthcare organisations, is still under review.