This paper first describes effective behavioural strategies based on multiple studies and/or meta-analyses in diabetes and then provides information about their use by peers or in peer-based programmes in diabetes.

It concludes that while behavioural and affective strategies and ongoing support can be effectively provided by health care professionals through educational and case management programmes, many health care professionals and systems are not equipped to provide the type of education and/or the behavioural and psychosocial support needed for long-term self-management. With training, peers can fill this need both effectively and economically using established and effective communication and behavioural and strategies (e.g. goal setting, problem solving and providing social support) in community settings and through the use of technology.